STATE SUBSIDIES AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract
Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector plays a strategic role in the country’s socio-economic development, contributing about 20% to GDP and employing more than 50% of the labor force. In recent years, the government has intensified efforts to modernize agriculture through targeted state subsidies, legal reforms, scientific innovation, and international collaboration. In 2022 alone, UZS 138.43 billion was allocated from the state budget for various agricultural purposes, with the largest share (34.54%) directed toward livestock development and significant investments in water-saving technologies, seed production, and rural infrastructure. This paper analyzes the structure, impact, and future prospects of these policies by examining key legislative frameworks such as the Law on Seed Production (1996), Decree O'RQ-521 (2019), Resolution No. 733 (2019), and Decree PQ-4919 (2020). It also evaluates the effectiveness of subsidy allocation, challenges related to certification, climate change, and regional disparities, and suggests policy recommendations for sustainable growth and global competitiveness.
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