SEISMIC IMPACT AND ITS EFFECT ON TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Abstract
This article is formalized in a journal-oriented GOST/OAK style and analyzes the mechanisms by which seismic actions affect highway pavements, embankments, bridges, tunnels, and transport-network functionality. The synthesis is based on official ICAO, FAA, and FHWA documents and on peer-reviewed studies devoted to bridge damage, traffic embankment fragility, tunnel seismic response, and infrastructure resilience [1-12]. The paper shows that damage intensity depends not only on peak ground acceleration, but also on soil conditions, liquefaction susceptibility, structural detailing, bearing behavior, drainage efficiency, and recovery capacity [3-5, 7-10]. Reliability, failure probability, fragility, and life-cycle cost relationships are presented and interpreted for engineering use. The study concludes with practical recommendations for seismic regions, including hazard-informed design, geotechnical stabilization, structural retrofit, monitoring, and corridor-level recovery planning.
References
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